《中国经济周刊》首席摄影肖翊|摄
从技术到产业,万亿级市场按下启动键
当然,看到通导融合这一发展趋势的不只是中国。美国也很早就将发展定位导航授时一体的PNT体系上升至国家战略的地位,以弥补原有GPS系统的问题和不足。但除了技术上较量,通导融合“哪家强”,最终还是要在应用上见真章。
“我国建成覆盖4G网络,投资规模超过6000亿元,5G网络的投资规模更是超过了1.2万亿元,但也只能覆盖我国的人口密集区域。而北斗卫星实现全球覆盖投资规模约为600多亿元。我国的5G网络建设投资巨大,也需要在更多的应用场景下寻找更多的商业模式,从而让其为经济社会的发展创造更大的价值。”邓中亮介绍说。
但在邓中亮看来,实验室里的技术创新突破只是第一步,要想让“5G+北斗”产生更大的经济社会价值,需要社会各方面的通力合作,推动商业模式创新和产业化进程,共同挖掘。
《新时代的中国北斗》白皮书也指出,截至2021年,中国卫星导航与位置服务总体产业规模达到约4700亿元,年均复合增长率超过20%。中国北斗广泛应用于经济社会发展各行业各领域,进入交通、能源、农业、通信、气象、自然资源、生态环境、应急减灾等重点行业。中国北斗与大数据、物联网、人工智能等新兴技术深度融合,催生“北斗+”和“+北斗”新业态,支撑经济社会数字化转型和提质增效。
而多家第三方机构预测,按照目前北斗系统的产值增加速度,预计2025年其产业规模有望达到万亿元。来自高德地图的数据也显示,截至2022年11月,高德地图调用北斗卫星日定位量已超过2100亿次,且在定位时北斗的调用率已超越了GPS等其他卫星导航系统。
邓中亮表示,实际上,智慧物流、智慧医疗、智慧城市、智慧交通、工业互联网、智慧农业……北斗已经发挥着巨大的作用。以重点和焦点所在的工业互联网领域为例,这本身就是一个万亿级别的大市场,特别希望有更多有志之士将北斗和5G与人工智能、新兴技术等融合,发展出更多新兴产业,创造更多新的商业模式,为经济发展带来新的增长点。
已经有先行者尝到了甜头。以全国北斗卫星导航应用三大示范区域之一的湖南长沙为例。据长沙市人民政府副市长彭涛在“2022北斗规模应用高峰论坛”上透露,在长沙,北斗技术已成功应用到智能驾驶、驾考驾培、桥梁监测、野生动物追踪、水路安全、防灾减灾、司法、邮政运输、工程机械、公共安全等诸多领域。
长沙正在加快推动“北斗+5G”在智能网联汽车领域应用示范,通过5G网络融合北斗卫星导航系统定位技术,长沙的电动智能网联汽车能够对车辆进行高精度厘米级定位,为自动驾驶进行定位护航。目前,这套系统已在全国400多个城市上千个驾考场地中投入使用。驾考中,车辆是否压线、靠边停车是否在规定范围内,都能轻松判定。
“力争到2025年,长沙市北斗及相关产业规模突破500亿元,其中北斗核心产业规模突破200亿元,创建省级先进制造业集群,力争创建先进制造业集群。”彭涛说。
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |